A. INTRODUCTION
Experienced writers use a variety of sentences to make their writing interesting and lively. Too many simple sentences, for example, will sound choppy and immature while too many long sentences will be difficult to read and hard to understand. A sentence is a group of words with a subject and a verb that expresses a complete thought. There are four kinds of sentence structures: simple, complex, compound and compound-complex.This article will only explain about complex compound sentence. The purpose of these examples is to help the learner to identify sentence basics.
UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES
A compound-complex sentence is a sentence that contains at least two independent clauses and a dependent clause. The independent clauses should be separated by a comma and coordinating conjunction.
An independent clause (also called as simple sentences) is sentence which has only one subject or one predicate.
A dependent clause is a clause which usually an adverbial clause (clause which started by subordinating conjunction (i.e. although, because, before, after, etc.)) or adjective clause (clause which started by relative pronoun (i.e. who, that, which, etc.)).
Coordinating conjunction is a conjunction which applied to merge between two phrases or sentences (i.e. for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
A compound-complex sentence is a sentence that at least contains a clause which has only a subject and a predicate and also contains at least a clause which are an adverbial clause or an adjective clause.
C. DATA AND DISCUSSION
The following sentences are compound-complex sentence.
1. Stephenie Meyer was born in Connecticut in 1973, and by the time she was four, her family settled in Phoenix.
Independent Clause:
- Stephenie Meyer was born in Connecticut in 1973
- Her family settled in Phoenix
Dependent Clause:
- By the time she was four
2. She is the second of six children, and she says she has the “Jan Brady” position in her family as she is the second of three girls in a family of six, but all of her siblings are full, not step or half.
Independent Clause:
- She is the second of six children
- She says she has the “Jan Brady” position in her family
- All of her siblings are full, not step or half.
Dependent Clause:
- as she is the second of three girls in a family of six
3. She attended high school in Scottsdale, Arizona, and she was awarded a National Merit Scholarship which went to pay for her tuition to Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah.
Independent Clause:
- She attended high school in Scottsdale, Arizona,
- she was awarded a National Merit Scholarship
Dependent Clause:
- which went to pay for her tuition to Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah.
4. When Stephenie was four, she met the boy who would one day be her husband, but they were not close family friends at that point.
Independent Clause:
- she met the boy
- they were not close family friends at that point.
Dependent Clause:
- When Stephenie was four
- who would one day be her husband
5. She set about writing what she remembered from the dream right away so she would not forget any of the details about it.
Independent Clause:
- She set about writing
- she would not forget any of the details about it.
Dependent Clause:
- what she remembered from the dream right away
6. Writing had been something she had done occasionally over the years, but she mostly did chapters for projects that she never finished
Independent Clause:
- Writing had been something
- she mostly did chapters for projects
Dependent Clause:
- she had done occasionally over the years
- that she never finished
7. While looking at maps of the area, she discovered the place called Forks, and in doing further research of the area, she learned about the La Push Reservation.
Independent Clause:
- she discovered the place called Forks
- she learned about the La Push Reservation.
Dependent Clause:
- in doing further research of the area
- While looking at maps of the area
Here are the another examples of compound-complex sentences. In each, the independent clauses, the dependent clauses and the commas and coordinating conjunctions are underlined.
1. One candidate said that he would not raise taxes, but the other candidate would not make any promises.
Independent clauses : - One candidate said _
- The other candidate would not make any promise
Dependent clause : - that he would not raise taxes
(adjective clause)
Coordinating conjunction : But
2. I will go, but I need the book which I gave you yesterday.
Independent clauses : - I will go
- I need the book
Dependent clause : - which I gave you yesterday
(adjective clause)
Coordinating conjunction : But
3. I like mathematic, but I seldom get good grades although I always study hard
Independent clauses : - I like mathematic
- I seldom get good grades
Dependent clause : - although I always study hard
(adverbial clause)
Coordinating conjunction : But
4. Jenny is rich, whereas Joni is poor, but they love each other
Independent clauses : - Jenny is rich
- they love each other
Dependent clause : - whereas Joni is poor
(adverbial clause)
Coordinating conjunction : But
5. We like football very much, and we usually play football after we finish doing the homework
Independent clauses : - We like football very much
- we usually play football
Dependent clause : - after we finish doing the homework
(adverbial clause)
Coordinating conjunction : And
6. When we go home last night, my dad was so tired, and my mom can’t moved her legs
Independent clauses : - my dad was so tired
- my mom can’t move her legs
Dependent clause : - When we go home last night
(adverbial clause)
Coordinating conjunction : And
7. I have decided to marry her, so I can live with her, Even if my parents disagree
Independent clauses : - I have decided to marry her
- I can live with her
Dependent clause : - Even if my parents disagree
(adverbial clause)
Coordinating conjunction : So
8. You have to let her go, or I will throw away the disk, so nobody can find out about the experiment.
Independent clauses : - You have to let her go
- I will throw away the disk
Dependent clause : - so nobody can find out about the experiment.
(adverbial clause)
Coordinating conjunction : Or
Note : Sample 1,2 uses adjective clause as dependent clause, sample 3,4 uses adverbial clause which express opposition meaning as dependent clause, sample 5,6 uses adverbial clause which express time meaning as dependent clause, sample 7 use adverbial clause which express conditional meaning as dependent clause and sample 8 use adverbial clause which express purpose meaning as dependent clause.
D. CONCLUSION
Basically, compound-complex sentence is a sentence which contains a compound sentence and a complex sentence that expresses a complete thought.
From the explanations above, we can understand that actually compound complex sentence, is used to show us more detail information in a sentence. It is more complicated than the simple, compound or complex sentence but it is give more explanation and information to the reader depend on the writer purpose. So, it give more effective sentence to used in the English writing.
E. REFERENCES
Bhaskara, Swara.2009. Perbedaan Simple sentences dengan Compound-Complex Sentences. http://www.swarabhaskara.com. Accessed 17-03-2011 at 13:12
Bhaskara, Swara.2009. Perbedaan Conjunctions dan Penggunaannya. http://www.swarabhaskara.com. Accessed 17-03-2011 at 13:14
Stovall, Jim.2002. The Grammar, Spelling, Punctuation and Diction Study Guide. http://www.jprof.com. Accessed 18-03-2011 at 19:14
Baack, Erlyn. Advanced Composition for Non-Native Speakers of English. http://www.eslbee.com. Accessed 18-03-2011 at 19:20
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